YBB00082003 中对电量分析法的介绍相对较少,现结合 YBB00082003 的参照标准 ASTM D 3985 进行详细介绍。
1、适用范围
This test method covers a procedure for determination of the steady-state rate of transmission of oxygen gas through plastics in the form of film, sheeting, laminates, coextrusions, or plastic-coated papers or fabrics. [1] (本测试方法探讨了一种用于确定氧气渗透通过某些塑料的稳定渗透速率的测试方法,包括薄膜、薄片、层压膜、挤出膜、涂塑纸张或织物。)本标准仅用于检测试样在干燥状态(相对湿度在 1% RH 以下)的透氧性,在潮湿状态下进行检测可参见 ASTM F 1927,多数薄膜的透氧性会随着湿度的变化出现显著差异。
2、测试方法概要
The specimen is mounted as a sealed semi-barrier between two chambers at ambient atmospheric pressure. One chamber is slowly purged by a stream of nitrogen and the other chamber contains oxygen. As oxygen gas permeates through the film into the nitrogen carrier gas, it is transported to the coulometric detector where it produces an electrical current, the magnitude of which is proportional to the amount of oxygen flowing into the detector per unit time. [1] (试样作为密封的半阻隔物,在环境大气压下装夹于两测试腔之间。一腔被氮气流缓慢净化,另一腔 充有氧气。当氧气渗透通过薄膜进入载气氮气流中,它会被载气流携带至库仑传感器处,库仑传感器探测到氧气会输出电流,电流的大小与单位时间内流入传感器的氧气总量成比例。)其中氧气为测试气体,氮气 为载气气体,上腔为氧浓度高的一侧,而下腔为氧浓度低的一侧(可参见图 1),这样就在试样两侧形成一定的氧浓度差,在整个渗透过程中氧气从上腔透过试样向下腔渗透。
图 1. 电量分析法设备原理图
3、测试干扰
The presence of certain interfering substances in the carrier gas stream may give rise to unwanted electrical outputs and error factors. Interfering substances include free chlorine and some strong oxidizing agents. Exposure to carbon dioxide should also be minimized to avoid damage to the sensor through reaction with the potassium hydroxide electrolyte. [1] (当载气流中存在某些干扰介质时可能会使输出电信号增大,并增加误差因素。干扰物质包括游离氯以及一些强氧化剂。应尽量减少暴露在二氧化碳中,因为与氢氧化钾电解液的反应会对传感器产生损害。)
4、设备的标定
The oxygen sensor used in this test method is a coulometric device that yields a linear output as predicted by Faraday's Law. In principle, four electrons are produced by the sensor for each molecule of oxygen that passes into it. Experience has shown… under some circumstances the sensor may become depleted or damaged to the extent that efficiency and response are impaired. For that reason, this test method incorporates means for a periodic sensor evaluation. [1] (本测试方法中所使用的氧气传感器是一种按照法拉第定律产生线性输出的库仑装置。在原理上,每个进入传感器的氧分子可以使得传感器输出 4 个电子。经验表明…在一些情况下会由于传感器损耗、损坏达到一定程度而削弱传感器的响应效率。因此,在本试验方法中写入了传感器的周期评估方法。)标定设备时需要使用标准膜,由于标准膜的数据能够直接影响到标定系数 Q 的测定,因此需要特别注意标准膜的准备以及标定试验的重复性。本标准中使用 NIST 标准材料进行标定测试。